Impact test of planetary reducer

The impact test of the planetary reducer is mainly to evaluate its durability and reliability under sudden load or sudden change torque conditions. Test standards and methods are usually adjusted according to different application areas and usage environments. The following are some common test methods and reference standards:

1. Test Purpose
Check the strength and durability of gears and bearings: Ensure that key parts such as gears, bearings, and bearing seats will not be damaged or abnormally worn under sudden loads.
Evaluate the instantaneous overload capacity of the reducer: Understand how the reducer reacts when it is subjected to excessive torque in a short period of time.
Test the casing and structural rigidity: confirm whether the reducer's casing, end cover and other components can withstand external impact loads.
2. Test Method
(1) Torque Impact Test
method:
Use a servo motor or hydraulic system to drive the planetary reducer and apply a load that changes greatly in an instant (such as instantaneous doubling of the rated torque).
Monitor gears, bearings, shafts, etc. for breakage, deformation or abnormal wear.
Observe whether the output shaft of the reducer vibrates abnormally or gets stuck.
Standard reference:
ISO 6336 (Gear Strength Calculation)
AGMA 2101-D04 (Gear Strength Evaluation)
GB/T 10095 (Chinese national standard, gear accuracy)

(2) Start-Stop Impact Test
method:
Allow the reducer to start and stop quickly under high load conditions (for example, changing back and forth between 0% and 100% of rated torque).
The loop test is continued until a predetermined number of tests is reached (e.g., 100,000 start-stop cycles).
Monitor gear wear, bearing clearance changes, internal lubrication conditions, etc.
Standard reference:
ISO 281 (Bearing life test)
ISO 8579-2 (Gear reducer lubrication and durability standard)
(3) High acceleration shock test (Shock Load Test)
method:
Apply a load exceeding the rated torque to the reducer for a short period of time (e.g., 2 to 3 times the rated torque for an instant).
Monitor the reducer for abnormal noise, gear breakage or bearing failure under high acceleration conditions.
Standard reference:
AGMA 6006 (Industrial Gear Reliability Standard)
ISO 6336 (Calculation of gear load capacity)
3. Test equipment
Torque Tester
High-Speed Camera: used to record the deformation of gears during the impact process.
Accelerometer: Measures vibration and instantaneous load during impact.
Pressure Sensor: Monitors changes in internal lubrication pressure to ensure that the internal lubrication of the reducer does not fail due to impact.
4. Test result evaluation
Pass standard: After the test, the reducer should have no cracks, deformation, abnormal wear or jamming, and can continue to perform until the end of its service life.
Failure analysis: If the reducer fails during the impact test, it is necessary to analyze the cause of failure (such as material fatigue, stress concentration, heat treatment problems, etc.) through metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc.
5. Recommendations
If your factory needs to establish internal impact test standards, you can develop test specifications in accordance with standards such as ISO 6336, AGMA 2101-D04, and adjust the impact test conditions according to the application scenarios (such as industrial robots, CNC equipment, and automation equipment). To further improve the impact resistance of the reducer, consider improving the gear heat treatment, surface coating, lubrication system, etc.